·꽻ӣͨū۵ĵ·

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׶ִ֮Ү˾ת˸Ϊ򣬲ʼȫ
ʷѫҵȫҵѹΪĵļ˼
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ͳ1939ָɴ빲Ĺԣ˼ƻöԸɵ
Σ

սʼΪ׷ԴҮ˿ʼ˸ʶĺϵͳŬ

ʵϣֱ1940꣬ȫ򴦴ͷԵ˼ûһ̽
ʲôط⣿Ϊʲôʮ˶ŵʮʵ
ԻͽȻ˶ʮҰıʹģսҮ˴
͸ӿһ⣺1 ѧۣ2 ѧѧۣ3 ѧ
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ر𷢱רѧķʥźͿ׵´ʵ֤
ʷָǶ֪ʶӵӰ˼ĳֺͷչ
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Ϊ԰ȻѧеĳָĿɿʵ󣬴ӶȻѧ
һܽձ194219431944꣬Үڡѧ
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˿ѧĻԭ壨Լ壩

⣬ְһЩйصı༭飬뾭򡷣
ҮûͰһֱɷĴ󣬶֤ѧ
оĳַǳͬȻѧȥ̽Ϊձɣ
ȴͨһйɼ֮߼ϵĴṹֶΣһ
ַȥоʷǺܿµģһֱƶȵҰ
˼άʽհȻѧѧķ󵼣Ү˳֮
Ϊѧ塹scientism 롸ѧšʹÿѧΪ
绤ųΪ塹constructivismֶԵ
ںҮ˿׷ݵѿʵ֤Ŀɽ׵¡

ΪܹȫԼһþں̶ܴԴ˹Ⱦɫ
ǰߵĹԭڸеΪչ
ĻеӰռ֧λľѧۡͬʱ֯ҵ˹Ⱦ
ɫ̵ķ֣һʵнṹܹƵı仯
Ρʱǵ͵ڲǣҵˣѾΪѧѧȡ
ڽ̡ǵ˹Henry Adams ۲쵽ģչִ
Ұ棬ֻѾȡʥǵĦ¥
ԭΡׯϵĴá

˹ʽĶַȻĲ˹ƵĲĳ֣Ѿ
ģʧˡʱΪƸƶȵķ糱ڷȫ
˼ͷʽһ޴УΪܵģƶȵ
ϷԻҮԼоĽָҪĸ¼֪ʶ
临ӶǲܻõġңʹٶˣΪ
ĲԤϵʹԤȵƱЧˣҮ˼ν
ܺĺ;õ֯š

1943꣬Ү˻׶ξѧԺѧʿѧλr. Sci.ѧ
ͬ꣬ѡΪӢѧԺԺʿFellow of the British Academy 

ҮӢŵǶ׫дʱ⣬ǵڶսֽ׶ΣҪ
Եؼо൱ѵģΪϮľϡԣȻ
ɶȫıܷۡȻʹһȫۣʱҮȴһ
ҲδԼԵʱµľСΪ˵ڷը
ը˵ڸԴɹڵľѧҺѧҵһԤźţ
ϿԼڻе˼Ĺϼˣ򽫴ͷһ
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С͵ڴٽƵСϣһţȻ
ǵģȴѾһϣյľסˡǣʱҮ
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ڿĹͺɵʥҵ

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ٳ˺Ү˵һҪĵǷһʱľ֮ͨū۵ĵ
·ν˾񡹣һԱ֮ǡ岻ɱ⡹һ
ڶδսǰϦǾ¹ͶļȨ
ԨԴЩ֪ʶ˵֮෴Եģ¹ģң
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۵ʵȾǳڴеġսڼ䣬ĵļڰ˹ڣ
Prof. H.D. Gideonse Ѹһ飬Ա롾С顿
֮СôǼڰ˹ڱ༭֥ӸѧġҮ˳ƣ
һЩ׿ԽӢͬǵʱæڻսϾˣšǿ
ءӦʼչģһ顣

ǡͨū۵ĵ·

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ԨԴ̵ͽͣڳߵĹͬȣҳ
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һ±ίĵ·ҪʮͳҶơָ
һʵһתһתĻ·
ϣͻ̵ģرոʮʮ
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ƽĴһƽʮﵽ塣ʱ
ʷԭֹݽķת˥䣬᷶
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˳Ӱ²ſʼɽˡ͵ν塹emocratic 
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黳ƽϢȥθһָƶȣڱ
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ΪľƽūȥѰƽȣһѹƸɵļȨ
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ᱳ۵ġ֮
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塪塢˹壬֮ǸԵĿ겻
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ڰ˭ͳΣ˭ͳΣָ˽вƲƶǱϸɵҪ
ȡвߵɣҲ˵ɡΪϷֱΪ
գ˶û˭ܹȫ֧˭оԼ֮
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ƽȡΪеᶼΪеʽľƽΪƽ䡹
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ĳеĵλȫȨλȨĵȼ
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棬ͱضɿǰϿƣͬʱҲһǰϿȨ
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ðȫԱֵƶܴﵽĿꡣ
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˺ܴķ졣һλǿ³ڣMaynard C. Krueger֥Ӹ
ѧϵν̣ͬʱᵳȫϯ1940ͳѡʱᵳ
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ҮˣҪҵķʽһ¡ҵ˼ǣǽÿ
˶ȴһĻϵġȻں̶ܴʧҵյʽӵ
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ҮˣΪתƷرϡ

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˵ΪȷʵߵñԶһڹҪһȨ
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ȹƻĶĶߵ֮⡣

Үˣע⵽һ㣬Ҳһߡ뿪Чִ
ķϵĹ滮ΪϵͳǲЧġ͹ڶԣ
ٻһ㡣ڹϣûһϵ

³еһҪ۶ƺ˵ġǾú
ƣʷȨرǷ˹ŷ޵
˼ķһĲɱҶԣ
ƺԵصߵʷʵϣһһ۶ϡ

÷޵䡣

ҮˣҪҲ⡣˵
ԽԽеȨлϵҪԭŷޣһ
ֱӿĴ󲿷֣ǾͱԼΪ֮ЩĿ
˵ЩȻҪȡġǣǾͲòıƷʽ
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Үˣϣսһͨȫܹҵĵ
·ŵңԶĽһδ

÷Ȼֻһۣ

Үˣ˶˼ѧɡ

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ҮˣһڹĶ˹κǵĹҽʧ

÷߼棬û漰ʵʵۣ


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ѡְҵɣ׼ȷؾΪȺʲôƷͷǻȥ
ѣѶ٣˼ȥһǿƸ˵˼ۣļ
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Աںܶ಻ͬЩǼĸ֡˵ȷ
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Ϊ֯һֹѡķȥȡģַҪĳ
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ҮˣսʱڣĿƶƻģֻʱġ

÷ָսʱѡǿعսƣ

ҮˣսʱǴҶòĳ̶ֳϵļȨ塣

÷㲻һ㣬

ҮˣԡΪԸһʱԺԶɡ

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Ҫһ֣Ѿܺõд˳ҲǾһ
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³ҰƽһҮˣκμƻ뷨ף
㲢ü仰ش򷢵йؾʻƻЩд
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֪ʶΧڵʱԴڣرνġ֪
ʶ磬塹ʼֱʥµĽˣ󣬡ͨ
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ںԴʧӳ֤˺Ү˵̶
ҲʾõԸʵʵݱЩѽڣ
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Щߺͼƻ߸ӵʱ˸״û뵽ǵ
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ĳ̣ȻԼƲδ顣

ǣҮ˵ľѧ϶ֿ˹ȴдŸҮ˴飬
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Ӧ˵˹Ҳ̹¶Լ硣

Ȼ˹Ե侲ǣĵֱԲѴ
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ȫ

ͨū۵ĵ·ĵķ뻹ͨλǰս֮֡Ƕ˸
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İʱ1969꣬ʱйνĻʱڡʱһڲ
СνƤ项Ƥ项͡Ƥ项ڼСȦȻҪ
ߵֱľͼϵѰ鼮һ飬߾
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ڲ²й߲д͵ǣȻʮ׼ڲ
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ŷѧһЩѧߺѧң鱻ǲֵһ˵ġ
ͨסȻЩľѧߺѧǵĺܶࡸѧ
Ϊ۴ʷ̭ˣͨū۵ĵ·ȴΪһ
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춾üƻĳ߶ȷΧҲǸ۵Ľ֮һҮȫã
ǵȻСģͶʱڰȫƻǲڴΧͳʱƻ
˹Ү˵㲻ڶ֮ȷػһȻ˹δץ
סҪǣС̳߶ȵĽӦںδȴԤ
ġؼҪǣҮԵָԤȰúõƻ
гָΪӦгļƻڳ̺ʹ߶ȷΧļ
ҪĳԷӦϵͳڣһϵͳгṩġ

ȻνܴгƻȻȤǣԼ
Ү˵һЩ临ѵļƻдģҾ
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ûɼƻġ

ҮϵһصǣΪһλΰѧңƺһ
ŵ͡ĸоǣԼڡͨū۵ĵ·е۱粻רҵ
ѧҡԱѧѧҡѧҵڣΪǻ
϶ǸеߡԼֱڣΪ
ܴ߾ܵʹķԴھпɶԡⷽĳɹԶ
Ԥڡ

ȻԸαܵѧҶԣǱĶ෴˵ȴ
Ķ󲢲һûһαܵѧһҮ
˰˵ӵв֪ͬʶ벻ͬ۵ĸ໥ã˼
ԵĳɳЩĴڡ໥õĺǲԤϵģǲ
֪Щ۵ٳ֪ʶЩûСҪ֪֮ʶƣ
ǲܱĿǰӵеκι۵Ƶġȥƻ֯
ĳɳߣʹ˶ԣνĽһʵìܡù۵Ϊ
ӦʶءԼķչ˹۵ܹءʶؿ
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κɿԣôٻ磬ʹ˼򽩻˥䡣

ǣδܵȫ䡣ڡͨū۵ĵ·Ӣӵڶߣ
䶯ˣ1946꣬ҮӦǰȥݽС
൱ķ졣

ع

1976꣬ʮ֥ӸѧٰʱҮΪ֮һ
ƪµԡعͷ侲ؽԼдıԵԼ
ʮ֮ԴµĹ۸С꣬1940-1943 ꣬Ժһֱ
һЩľѧ⣬ȻûԤϵΪŤת򣬳
30о㡣һ·ĳԵӢġȦ
Ӷɴ˶ʵȫ⣬ǰΪ¹ģң
ʵϲǳʱ塣ȻⱾĻȫδԤϵ
ɹҮԼںܳһʱڶԴ˲˷ܡȻһ̹ʵ
ɵӡĶѧͬиоõ
˴ķ棬ԼڼԵľѧΧ֮⣬
еܲڡ

У˵ŬطͳľѧоԼѲ
ڵسˡΪżȻԭµѧоƺȾ
еĸսԺҪԣֵóáдʱδʹ
Щ֧ͨ۵֮ȫѳͬʱҲδܱ⵱ʱ
еĴ͸Ļʱ̵ֻʶˡ
ָǲģҲûֵܳչ
гҪȡõĳɾ͡ǺҮЩ
ͨū۵ĵ·ǷȱҪ֣ȷʵֲġΪ˽
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Ϊ߼Ǣһ£ʮˡ¡Ӷ˶ʮ
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ڸ˵ʮȻԱֵ̽˸ļ⣬
ͬʱҲδٴضһԭ飬ΪеǸ෴
һΪ֮Ժ٣鲻ʹ״еɵԼ
ңȻ֪˺ܶдʱв֪ĶȻ
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ȻĸѧΪרԺɵذ
ƼͨߡЩҪһķרżԵĵۣԱ
ǸȻǱΣ֮һ

ҮȻֱҪۣҪһҪ
ǣ춴ʱʮ꣬ĺѾ˱仯Ϊ⣬
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ƻǿܵĺͱҪģһϣƩ磬
ӦǱӢͰµ֯ɫʡȻһȴΪ
иء춡塹ڽѾҪͨ˰պ
ҵƶȶٷˡһ֡塹
£嵼µĽԻӻӺͲȫطʽ
֡ţ޲ͬȻ뱾Ļȫ
ͬ

ȻʱʻӢδ纣ҮĵɼȨң
һʵƺĳ̶ֳ˺Ү˾áδܹƵ
սľʹϰɥʧɡǵ˵ֻҪûǿͶӪ
ƻþûΣաǺҮ˵ľ汾Ƿ˵μӢ
ƻҸԤĳ̶ȣֵʷѧġȻԺҮ
ԼΪȻһ˵ָҮ˽֤κδ巽
˶Ȼ¼Ȩ塣ȻҮΪΣǴڵģ˵
Ǳ۵㡣ֻǾ棬޸ǵʩԭ򣬷һЩ
ЩǰߵԸġ

Ȼ֡塹͡塹ġ
ǰ³ŵģʷ֤ȫвۣͨ൱
󲿷ֱŷҡ䡪״춹ָ¾˥
ˣĿǰЩҲڸĸԽбĸ򣬵ܶ
ȫвͨ

ҮгϣееĴҪδǿն
ѵҪԡôҲǿԭµģΪдʱս
ʱͬ˹޷ʹԼѱָΪȻ
òȻЩòڲſδöԷĵͬʱҲȷʵδ
ȫʶĳЩѾ㵽˺εȵزȻע
һЩ⡣Ʃ磬һԿŵ⣬ϣͨϸ
ܷȨ˭Ϊڵ¹Իͨأ
ֻк˹˶ɭHans Kelsen ͹¡˹Harold J. Laski 
ҲǵЩʦοѧ׷ߵȷʱԿ
ͨСһ˵춵˼ƶȽһо˵ʲôЧĻ
ʹԼľ͵ǡĹͶڼȨ
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һʹҮ˷ƽдһСӾȻ
磬ȻЩϽĿѧӹΪ֪ǣʮ
ֵо۹Ȿ飬Ҳԭķ
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ȷһϵ̽ŬŸеĶܹʹ
ЩͬҲԱصΣա

ͨū۵ĵ·һ󣬵ڶսˡɺҮ뿭˹
ͬսʱߣս˹㷺ıۡӢı
֮͹͹֣»ڶʮܰչʧȥ˵
ӰһȥҮ뿭˹ͬĳ
ǷĲʸЩļƻǿԴôսų
ӶѹгȥӦЧ󡣹е
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ÿһ涼ܵƣƷʡۺƣ
ҶһʱơЩڶս֮ӳ൱һʱ䡣

¼ʹǵõ˽ѵͨԼֱӿ֧ȥ
ҪĻҲʧȥ͹Ҫ̸еĳֶΡǿ
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ֻϻȻϻȴڰгЦǡ

ҮٴһͼֹȨһµı
׼ȡҵֹĽλƣýλݹ̶һƷĹ
óƶġҮ˰ķύ1944ڲɭ֣Bretton Woods 
ٿĹʻһ顣Ȼ춵ʱѧ˼գ
ɿ˹ӢųϯҸЭĴɣޱ˹ҲǴųԱ
Үȴûܵ룬ύķҲûиۡ

ҵĸոսսʱڣԶǺҮ˵ʱǱ
£ĵȴԼʱĽ١

עͣ

ٱͨū۵ĵ·Ĳ֣μF.A.Hayek THE ROAD TO 
SERFDOM The University of Chicago PressChicago 1976 رעΪ
1944ڼ顶ͨū۵ĵ·ڶ¢ͬϢAlex de Tocqueville
DEMOCRACY IN AMERICAVol.II p. 97. Tr. by Henry ReeveAlfred A. 
Knopf Press New York 1953 μF.A.HayekHAYEK ON HAYEK 
University of Chicago Presspp.108-123 1994 F.A.HayekHAYEK ON 
HAYEK p.138University of Chicago Press 1994 F.A.HayekTHE ROAD 
TO SERFDOMp.165 University of Chicago Press1944 
