ڶ·绪ʱάҲɡŦԼ׶

һάҲ



18995 8 գٵ۹ʱҮˣFriedrich August von Hayek 
1899-1992ڰµ׶άҲСֵУӳ

Ү˼ȱ1789ùšʱ游Լɪ򡣺Ү
Josef Haye1750-1830 ҷ֯˶γ´壬
ʱµ˲ĳɾͣʮʱͷΣӴǼ
ϡҮˡǰһ롹von ֡Ү˳ļͥ춶ά
ٵ۹εеƫϽ׼Ȼ۹þڵһսзֱ
ˣļͥȷǸߵȵĹ壬Ҳ˽׼ǹҹԱרҵ
ʿǲδӵŷͬߵĵλȻȴڴŷͬеΪ
׼

Ү˵ĸ׵ʱάҲɴѧֲѧڣôѧֲѧ
ϯԴ˲ءڸԼͥյӰ죬Үѧ
ȤҪȻѧ

Ӹѧ˶ѧƵ˹ʽĵĮͬı֡
֪Ĵѧ·άϣά˹̹ά˹̹ĸǰµĸ
˾ĸˣҲᣬʹпյشԼ
¡ҮȴûۺļͥƸпľͶĿ൱
ʵĿǣȻѧȤ⣬Ҳоɺԣѧϰɺ
Զ춴⽻кôҲʺͲ顣Ҳỹתѧ
ġ

ȻһսıȤѧ;

һսٵ۹壬˹ʧˣ⽻ѧԺ
ӰۣҮ˵⽻ĺȻѧȤҲ֮Ʈɢ

1914ֵ꣬ʮĺҮˣһսͻȻⳡɷѶϻ̫
ӷ򸾱¼սԭΪºͻϣȴң
һ˵ڴʹĸ˽ǣǿ
壬˶ߵļ˻̥˹塣Ȼĳ
ϣҲƺڤڤ֮и˺Үһľʹ౾
ħʡںҮ˸бҵǰϦ1917£¹Ұսڱ
ۡȻۻһսͽˣȻⳡսȴʹȤȻ
ѧתѧԼתԭ˵룬һսر
ҷڶİٵ۹ӵľȷʵоԵӰ졣٣
Ŀһ۹塣ҷ۵Ĳǽʮһ
ֲͬԡʹȥע֯⡣űͳҮԵ
磬һ׳ĸͼ򶼷˷Ѵͳĳ
η룬ͬʱҲھۡѧ¡³˹آơӡ
ɡһʱıԼθ֪ǵһЩľ
Χ£Ү˶ѧȤ˵ҷʵ鱭ȥԼ
飬ĿֻҪࡣȻأǺεȲȷԨ
ۺʱȥоһʱǲ־ѾʧԼĽޱȥˡ
ѰߵʱԼںڰ֮У봩ԽһڰǰѰң
ȥ̽Ĳֶ޼ƿʩˣѰһҪ졣ͬ
δڹĶ򽻵ܵشʵʵ壬ܰЩʵ
ʵĹС³˹ѹȥ
߿ʼĻһ

ảҮڡ֪һָ̽
֮Ϊ须ĶǷĳڵһϵ¼ѣ
ĳַʽ뻷¼ϵ໥ͬȡ
й֪һжǸ۵Ȼеġ须޷
ǸıЩ۶ѡս󣬸ȾصűĺҮ˽άҲɴѧ
˼ѡ˼ѧƣͶάҲɵʱĻ1919
1920֮Ķ죬άҲɴѧȱȼ϶ʱرգǺҮʿ
ʡԽѧҷ롣ĦƿƷvon Monakow ʵң
Ĳά˵ĴԣӶ״λйءġ
ʲôӵֱʱάҲͨͺͰ뼢ʹ֮С1920
ļŲڰűͬʱ˹άԲ
˹˹򡣿Gustav Cassel ͨ͵Щѧ
ϰо춨˺Үһ֪ʶ̽ĻģʽԼָڴѧ
ԵĹؼʵܼ򵥣ԼҪڴԶԼרҵ֮Сͬ
ʱڻΧϣҮҲ˴ѧУ԰ѧʱάҲɣ
Ļ֮һ฻սԵ˶̼֪ʶӵ
ڿȵСڴѧýʹøߵصڽͷβ
ñ仯˵ıԡ߳У԰Щط

ڴѧڼ䣬Үһֱѧ;ѧ֮ҡڡھѧϣ
ʦάᣨFriedrich von Wieser˹Ludwig von Misesرܵ
ѧɺ￨ϸCarl Menger ľӰ졣Ȼѧ
棬ûˡһս֮άҲɴѧѧÿ
Ҳܰ䷢ѧλΣҮֻصԭȵѡȥ˷ɿγֻ̡
ͣƽһҪ꣩1921άҲɴѧѧʿѧλJ.U.D.
1923ٽѧʿѧλr. rer. pol. 

άҲС.  ά˹̹

Ү˼춸격ʿγõѧλһҪԭǣ
֮ǰȥ¹ĽڴѧһꡣΪڼ䣬˹ΤMax 
Weber άҲɴѧν̡ڶ꺣Ү˷شѧȻΤѻص¹
άҲɴѧУ԰Ȼ̸λΰѧߣصλѧµ
ˡҮ˶Τѧ˼뼫Ϊϣ¹¡ϧ
ǣΤںҮƻĸ֮ǰȥˣټϵʱصͨͣ
ʹҮҲǰ¹޼ƻˡ

ʱ˹ءգErnst Machڰµ֪ʶȦмӰ졣
ĿѧѧΪϬʹ˼άûĹܣԼҲ
֮Ϊ˼άԭ򡹡ӰģԴͳѧѧСΪ
ֻпȥЩõζ֦ѧܽչ

άҲɴѧĵһλɿѧڣΪ״δĽϯ
μλǣ·άϣLudwig Boltzmann˹
Adolf Stohr Ī˹ʯˣMoritz SchlickΪһʱ֮ѡĪ˹
ʯ1922δ˽ְġŴ˶˹ءѧᣨErnst Mach 
VereinʵϾʷϺպάҲС飨the Vienna Circle ǰ
ǣִѧʷϵһҪ˶߼ʵ֤塹ʹ˷ˡʯ
ߺҮ˵ѧҲŪ˼ѧʣָĵȻ߼ʵ֤
塣һ˶Ҫľ·άϣά˹̹Ү˵ı֮֡
ǣά˹̹ѧȫܾԼڽۣ߼ʵ֤ȴά˹
̹˼֮һ⣬еĸӹϵ춣Ү˵˼ͬ
ͰأKarl Popperά˹̹ѧҪⶾߣ߼ʵ֤Ҫ
ߡ

ҮȻά˹̹Ǳֵܣʵ꽻̫ࡣҮܻ
ڵһսڼ䣬˶ڴӾۡһΣǴǰ߻׼
ݼ٣ڰµһվϣƷڱµˣע
Էһ˵׿졣Ȼụѯʣά˹̹
ǺҮˣ֮ᣬŽ̸ʱά˹̹ڷǰߵ;
УװǱһ˵ġ߼ѧָۡ壬ѧ
ᾧȻҮ˵ʱ֪ά˹̹Ļһ·̸ֹ
Ѿ¶ˡϣҮڲһҹóʱά˹̹ȴ
עЩӵֵĹǣ۹¶һ
ʵӡ

ֵȻ츳ܸߣȻȴԲͬά˹̹ƮȻ
⣬ʳ˼̻乤дϷʡҮȴˣ۹
˼ᣬ̽༲Ľ֮

ڶսǰϦӢţҲ档ս˫Ļ
һ㡣ǴӲ̸ѧֻһν̸漰һ㡣ɣڻ
ϡڴάҲɷؽ;еĳվҮ߽̳ʱͬһ
ðά˹̹ά˹̹տӰ̽С˵뺣Ү
ϰҹڽ̸С漰άҲԼάҲɵĶ
˹ˡݵ۵ѧ⡣ά˹̹
˹˵෽һ̵ʧǵ۽ѾζȻʱ
ͷˡά˹̹δ˵ǱⳡۡӴ֮
Ұƻƺһ㣬һȥˡ

ʹ߼ʵ֤嶦ʢʱڣҮҲδΪάҲС֮һԱ
ԼһΪС项GeistkreisСȦӡҮͨСά
ҲСĹͬԱ֪ܿάҲСĻ

ҮжȻѧľʹڽյҪ۵㣬
֪һ޷ǶǵĸоѡȻ׼˲ά
ԣģͣʼ¹ԭһЩмڴˣ׫дһƪ
оġоϣͼԵ֪о½չԤ˸֪̬
ܡоӽβʱѾʶǴġ֪ǲܱ
ġڴڸּĸӵ໥ϵ뽨ܹѹȥľ뵱¾
ϵĳַ෨Ȼ֡Ү˿ʼԼǰͬĽ֮
δģý֮󿵵£ģ
³˹ءʵ˵Ǵ⺣Ү˵ġ



δģǺҮ˵ԭԵĹһ˼
ĺ֮һᴩоļУѧѧѧ
ѧѧѧʷѧʹ֮Ƿ

ҮڻдӵеЩԭʵϲһ
̣ǰԼŵһķߣ
˼붼ڴУһ˵г֡ȷķ˵ǵ
ʶд˺֮ǰܾãǰ
ȷʵһŵĳģ͵Ӿǻ֣ҵ
УܰһҪĽɫʵϣӾڴ
ã˹̹Ҳ˵Ƶᡣ

ģ͵ĸ֪ںҮйռĵλáҲһ
ʵǣʵǻ۵ķڻںҮѪҺеıܡ

ͬ¼УҲѵʶԼͣ䳤
ȱݣҳĽЩˣشԼ֪ʶҰ
׵ķʽǲκʱ䶼ȥѧ
ܹһλø֪ʶʱȫһٴα׼
˴𰸵ˣǸгЧĽʦҲǺҡҪһ˴
Ƴһĳ֮󣬾ѸʶԼʱ춽ϴģеʲô
λá

Ҳܿ϶͵֪ʶˣǷҲЩ
ôѭȷĳתһԭԵĹףңκ
ϣԿ϶ӵеĴ󲿷ԭӦ鹦ڶ֪
ûֳɵĴ𰸡ʹؼÿζ˼ǣͨһ̣Ҿ
ֹͨ۵©׼ȷ֮

ڹ뷽棬ͨԼͬºѵıȽϣʶ
ֺܲͬľͣƽرǣǵҪ춣ȷеļ
ǵܽṹʲôáҴԼǵõĶ
ĶȷʵǺСġʱȻкܺõĶ
ڼ䣬۱»ҵ˼ԶӰ죬ȴ
ܸǡͺͱصعĻƬһƵģ
ǵȷҹĸףȻȴһҿٴȡʹõĶ
֮һ֡ľ͡ʵڣ1971꣩
дֵĶ֮ǰ< ˼Ĳͬ> Ϊ֥Ӹѧ
ݽ1963꣩ԴĬвرǰƵĿȻ
ֲͬߵкܴĲͬǶĹ׶Ҫ
һɳ֮Ϊͷ͡clear-minded-type ѧϰرǿ
ܰйصģȥľ˼룬ǵͷ֯һ飬Ȼ
ô˽ִ˵ĳɼܹһһش
ȥҪ͵ѧߵŬʵ˵ѧرȽϽӽ
ͣڰ¹ѧɾѧУӰˣEugen von Bohm-Bawerk 
͵Ĵ

ڶѧ߿ɳ֮ΪͷԺ͡woolly minded typeǵ
ɬ˽⣻һǰûжˣէʱú
һǳİĹűһűÿһ䣬ÿһҾߣÿһװ
Σ½˶ԣǷǳģһһϸ
ʧԼһ͵ѧ߾ԭǲܼؽܹȥԼ
׳ɵĸ붨塣ǵͷ֯ú֣ÿһ򵥵ĸǶԣ
½綨Ȼǵ˼ϵͳҵʵλáˣһΪ
򵥵ĸǶԣǺѣܷ⡣ǣΪ
װǰ˴ĸΪȻǳ˼֮зµ˼롣
ĽչҪ͵ѧߵŬʵ˵ѧ磬غ
A.N. WhiteheadȽϽӽͣڰ¹ѧɾѧУ˹Ludwig 
von Mises ͵Ĵ͵Ȼû˭浽Ϊ
ĻһԵĽޣֻһԵ֡ǣȷʵ
ԵĲͬɣҮǰԼ͵ĵڶġѧ
˹H.J.Laski ߺҮ˵˹ΪŷܳġͷԺ
ͿľѧҡҮ˱˶ԴΪɣȥ˹ԼĻ
󿭶˹˵ĻβԼԴ˲Ϊ⡣Ȼ˵
Ү˵ʱ²ޡͿ֮УǸеġͿ
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ڰµѧɵ´

1921ʮ£Ү˸մάҲɴѧҵѧάᣬΪҮ˵Ľʦ
ΪдһƼţҮѸŵݽʱν칫Ҳʵľѧ
˹˹ƼźԺҮ˵ά˵һλϣᾭ
ѧңҴδҵĿϼ㡣ˣŵ˹ȻΪҮ
һΪ峥칫ҡʱλãΪ˹ǸûĶ¡
칫ʱæ峥ծԭЩսʱȫˡ
úҮ˶÷ѧӢټķɺ;ѧ
֪ʶǡʤķĹʵѡĸҪ춿
ɴ˹Ϊʶϵ꣬Үȥһ
һʱ⣬ͬ˹һ

Ү˵Լ˹ѧĿܱκ˶࣬Ȼմͳ
˹ҵʦҮһ峥칫ҡܿ˹
ˡĽʱ䣬Ү˴˹ࡣⲻ
Ĵ̼ҲҵϵİΪѧң˹1912귢Ļ
۵𾴡Үָս󣬰µ͵¹˶ͨͣ
սصشݻҵв׼˹Ҳǵʱ
Ψһⷢʲôˡ

1922꣬˹ľһṩǺԱ
ܾƻõۻء֤ھԵгϵɵ
ļ۸Ĺؼá۸ӳϡȱı仯Ǿѡ
ǵԴõźšûɵļ۸ԴЧǲܵġ
˹֤˵˺ҮˣʹǶʱйĳַѱ


Ү˶ھѧĶϸCarl Menger 
ѧԭһ顣Ȿ1871Ӱһһµѧɾ
ѧңΪǵҪԴȪϸһۡҲ˺Ү˼
ӡرйһѧйƶԼܹ
Үԡ

ϸһλӡΪ̵Үڼ֮ᣬ
аΪһ߸ӣһӡ֤Ǵġʵϣϸֻ
еġһ㣬˵˵̺Ȩӡˡ
ΪĵġϸС项Menger circle ͵ʮİٵ۹ռ
֧ԵӰ졣СʵϸΪĵĿȹݶھۻᣬÿһΣ
ԱɺǼߵݼӢɣǼǵʱѧϵҪֶ
ϸȥѧҮ˵ҵʦά֮һϸԼȻδڰµ
ϵιҪɫȻȴʮͰµߵ༰䱳
ǿӰȥܽĲٸ߼ҪÿܶҪϸ̸һΣ
۵ʱ뾭ơҪǲԶġ

ϸѧϵԴھѧ롸߼Чáˡ
ҪϸáЧáڡֵķָ
ڹŵ侭ѧȷļֵ෴Եġϸԣֵʲô
ƷͶڹеԻʡءͶͻƽжڹеļֵ
ڵĽЩҪصʹüֵңֵּڿܵ;
ȷġЩԹϵڸֲͬİͲͬ˶廨Ÿͬġ
ֻиø˲֪ʲôӦʲôͬЧáֵֻͨ
۸ܱܲĶ

۵ģǲȷġϸʾļֵһʵ֤
ǿҵľѧһ뿪˼ҪĹ̶Ļ룩
ͻڡ

Щϣͼȹ̻صյĹ۵ȴΪֲֵԹϵ
ϵУǿѡġһԱΪǰµѧɵľѧ
ҶԣǱزٵڰµѧɹʱУϵĹģ
۸ʵĸı仯ġˣ۸ʵĽɫָͶʱ
ؼġ

ĳϣִֵµѧɾѧУʡ
Ծ񡹵ȸִѧһ߶˹ŵ侭ѧ͹ŵѧʱ
õװƷѾŽʷݣΪҵŵĹŵʱ
һֻˡ

ھѧУͬѧһٴοוּ굶the Ockham
s razor ڵʱļâ

1923꺣ҮֳܱأJoseph Schumpeter ĽŸŦԼӦ
òоץסһᡣ£ѳ˸
׼Űµѧɾѧҵͬͬн

ŦԼ֮

ѧԵ

1923꣬ҮһһͷŦԼйͼݡһ
˶Եһսıֽսľȷ¶
ʽڰµġ֮ս̵Ĵಢûй㷺شµ
֮СǲƶϣҮ˶ΪͶ̻ɴԼ
ʼںʱ

ҮŦԼɽ󡣺ܶооͬʱеױ
ѧµоѧԺΣʽעŦԼѧʼһƪʿģ
ҵְΪȶЭһµ𣿡ϯ˹̩ά
Thorstein VeblenݽᣬҮ˷֣λݽ߳ͬ
ű֮⣬ûκιͬ㡣

ҮȤעǣھù̵ͳƷ·չԼ
۵һţļ۸ˮƽͨеĻҿ
ȶ

ˣϵͳԼĻҲŨȤ

˵ֱάҲ֮ǰоҵѭǺҮŦԼ
Ҫġ

ʱľѧжWesley Clair Mitchell £
Щӵѧɣڴչŷ޾ѧ绹δŵͳƷ
ЩѧȱκνԵۡжκ뿪ѧɵʵ÷
е⣬ַǱϸʹĵ¹ƶѧɵĻоȡ

ľоȡѰʵܺܶʵѱ֣Ȼ
ͲĽѭԤͽͶı䲻״
ѭ¾÷ٵĽ׶иѡж1913귢ҵ
ѭ̱ʽĹŦԼ˾о𡣺Ү˲μڸ
ױǴѧĽľѧȥȽһЩƵľñ仯Ʃ磬
׺޻۸ı仯ܳʱоһ裺ھ
ԭͽ֮ʷڹɡʵоȡͼϱ
ʶ۵ıȻԣ߾ܾñ仯ԭּ衣뿪ۺ
裬ʵͿпˡҪ֮ΪӽǲƳԭ
ġ

Ү˶оȡĻӦǣųڹɵĿԣΪͳ׷ٱ
ȷʵ̬Ƿչ󡣻صµ
дƪҪڻҼֵڼ۸ƽƶ1928͡
óѭ1933ĵһרĿΪȰﾭ
ѧҿǹҵĽԭΪҵضԲӰЩѧ
ŵıȻڻġԭҪöࡣ

ȻʵߵоûͳƷĿģ
ֿͨƾİ취Ү˰˼Ϊ塹
constructivismΪĵҪ֮һʷĹǣ
һĳ˴ƶȼܹͬأΪԼԸ
Ҳضܹıǡ

Ү˵ػ֪˷ջὫԱӳ
ʱ䡣ȻһĵʱѾ˷άҲɵĴƱˣ
ʱ1924괺

Ү˹

Ү˷ذµȻǼ峥칫ҡĹ˹˽
ְ࣬ͬ˹ԼѧõľѧоάҲɴѧ
ѧͳѧʦ˹Ϊ˱оرΪһרŴоҵѭ
Ļһʻ1927һ£ʽѾ㣬оʽšں
ҮڸоɾͣΪµҵѭо׽о
ۼһľѧңγӰѧ⣬Ү˲
ԼְԱڿĵһ꣬Լдоľ󲿷ֱ棡

ȻҮ˼Ƴ˹Ϊ̩ϵ˹姬пάܶ
µΰ˼ҡκγ϶ǿԼ˹õķǷ
档ȻҲ֮һ⡣ʼںҮ
1937֪ʶľѧһƪ¡ڸͼ˵˹Ĺг
뷨ǴģΨһӦǸж߼ȻһԽ
һ֮ĻгʱѾ˾Ȼ
˹ȥѧԼǺкͷŭѧգ
Machlup͹գHaberlerԼ˹ǶϾ˽
Ү˵ֵǣ˹ԺҮ˵ƽҺ׼˸ƺ
δʶԼĹ۵㡣ǺҮ˽һƽԼĹ۵㡣
ܹͺ˹δشЧˡ
Ϊ˹ȻʹԼ- ϣ- 
ܾͬǲ͵ġ

Ү˹һֱܵĹϵ˹ҲһֱΪһ
ԺԴӺҮȥ׶ؾѧԺν̺󣬾뿨Ͱص
ѧ˼սе壬һε˼Ҫڡ¡һС
кҮ˵˼˹Ҫ˹ȽϣҮ˵
˵º͵ġƩ磬ҮΪĳֽϵͳ̶ϵĸɶ֮
ǿݵġһ۵븥һ£˹ͬ˹һλ൱
׵ߣоɫʡҮԽ꣬ȴ뿪
ԽԶˡҮΪ˹ġ¼1978棩͡塷1981
棩׫дԣ߶˹׿ԽѧɾͣͬʱҲ̫ˡ
̫϶硹ۡԼ̫ˡ

ںҮ˿ʱԤǣӵеԶͬĵ´ͳ
Ǿݻ˵ģǱǵƵġǾûΪ
ȥ˽вƲƶȣҲδͥЩͳ֮˳֣
һڽʽĴͳҮ˹ǲ֪ߡǺҮΪ
˽вƲƶȺͼͥƶ־ԵĴͳǽһʹǵҰ
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徭ռҪһϯλԼҲضڶʮ
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ԭ弴˷ʱ渵ʤýҮ˶Դר˽⾹
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ǰ溣Ү˾ἰľѧ⣬иTheodore Gregoryϣ
˹Jonh HicksķFrederic Benham ⣬ѧ˹
Harold Laski Ͳʣenis BroganϿڲţԼ
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αȷ棨William Beveridge ÷ˣMrs.Mairȵȣ
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Լ׽˵ĹҵĹϵ⣬Ȼֱ˹ԭⲻ
ƺûע⵽ԼĹһˣѸƪԿ
˹< > ۡȫز˿˹Ҫ۵㡣ȻˣҮ
Կ͹۵ָ< > ȿ˹ԭǱͨۡҪãΪȷʵҲһ
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ɷ߼Ϭ֤˺ҮһҪľоȡʹ֮
Ժʵ֤徭ѧǰᡣ

Ү֪Ͱڴ׶ػطάҲɵĻϡ1938Ӣ
ΪӢգʸսǰ˰µ˹գHaberler
ڻάҲѧɵʵ֤ʱҮ˱ʾʽʵ֤岻Լ
ζո˵ŶάҲʵ֤һܺõ飬
ۿѧо߼߽пͰءǣʹҮ˳˸
֮һΪճ漸ܡ֮ᣬֹյĽΪ
ȻȦдģͰʵʵ֤ϵҮ˵
飬Ϊ֤ʵǰѾݾγɵͰغƵȷ۵㡣
Ͱرġ꣬ǲͬһѧˡγѧ
ĻһġһѧΧģı֧䣬һ˼
ߣһԸߡ

˶һԵص㣺ǶԼڸǲɷ
ģرǵһͬ߱ʱͻȻʼǵĻ
ǽ͵Ŷԣɸ⡣˵ǲܸ
ܽ͵ѽŶôԸ汾⡣Ȼ
ѡԱ飬ôûκΰ취۾ǶǴˡǣ
ǼҶͰػõҪϵͳԹ۵㣺龭ѧı׼
񱻷֤κϵǲɷ֤ģһǿѧҲܹ
ѵѧңûϵͳĵزֻʶһ㼴ɡ
һ㱻Ͱ֤ͱ绤ʱ˰ͰѧҾо
Ķϸ˵ʱұͰж׽ĺѣ
ȻǰάҲʱʶںܴķΧڣҶͬļ⣬Ȼ
ϴһ¡ȻͰԼȤзչѧϣĹʶ
Զκˡ

ΰµ֮бҮ˵ľԾЩִû뿪
άҲɡȻǰάҲѾתظıˡԴӵ¹ϣ̨
۹ʼȺɱ¾̫֮ᣬһ˱;ò
֪ʶӣ米ƯȫдͰǵ
ֱս󣬺Ү˲취ӵ׶ء

Ȥת

ǴӷǴϿҮסӢһܰУ
ҲӢ൱ʮصԵʡۣȺ֡
Ӣ׵ϣڵĺж٣Henry Tornton ˾˹ٷ
ʿSir Leslie StephenȻ˵˶ѫLord Actonˣ
Ү˶һͬͶĸܣƺһѪԵϵ׽СⲢ
֣Ү˴ϵ˷ϰԵĵ
ȷĽļ˱ҪԡӢذԼؿʽ
ԸˡBurkean Whigӡ

ʱڣҮڹͬɽ˶ʶ͵˾˹ٷҾ
ʿƷʡͬʱڸĸֲҲлʶһλжٵĺᡪ
˹أE.M.Forster ׶ؾѧԺΪܺը׶ضǨź󣬿
˹Ү˼ɡҮҲԼʿSir 
John Claphanһζֻʷ

ȻʽսһȴĵȻԵرų֮ˡ
ҳϵޱ˹뿭˹һӦٵţ⾭
ѧұȥսƻսʱʹ˹ƣսʱ
ֻʣһڻˡ

׶ص£Ү˵ѧȤڻۡʱͲҵ
ϣĿѸٴɶΪظ˶̬ʱ
֣޳ǰۼʹõļ򵥻ֶ֮ᣬʱ
۵쳣ѡ㿨ס൱һʱ䣬ֱԾеˡ
ˣɲġʱۡԭƻ壬
еһ֡ϣνսƻ˵һ
ʶѡʵϣӴᣬҲû¿ʼۻ̬۵оˣ
ȻŬо⣬ͽ޹

ΪȤѾתƵˡ

µȤԵ1935һżȻ顣ʱҮ˽ֱ༭
һƻļԼҲΪļдƪ൱ġ
˹Уѧ뷽ȤԽԽȷԼҪ
µĸֲͬι۵ӦľԵһ< ѧ
֪ʶ> ķǰҮзľѧ⣬ͬʱҲ
һƪתԵġдһϵйصģἯɡ
뾭һ1948档ҮΪеĻԼԾ
ѧ۵ĴԹס̺ҪԾѧѧͷۻ
صļ⣬ѾѧȤתˡ

֪ҮΪ֪ľѧר⣬
˼ʷǶʮΪδһ൱רŻľѧ
ұһλѧ˼ʷȤŨҹ׿Խѧߵģк
ѰأһǺܶ˶Ȥġһλʷ̽ѯһʱ
ش˵ȷ׷ݵҵһ徭üƻļǸ
УҷһЩΪŷ޴½֪ȷʵµĶδӢ֪Щ
ں̶ܴԴ˹ѧɣµѧɣҲͬʱ˰
BaroneԼһЩ˵ۣЩݶȫΪӢ֪ڸ
ĵԺͽҶòȥЩŷ޴½ķչͬһ
˷ĹЩʹҲؽѧҲ
˶Ծѧ󵼵ķ۷ҿƺЩһ
Ĺ˵ףгģøá
ҵоȡ̺˴ķۿǣһصƪԼ1937дɵ
ġѧ֪ʶһԵ¼

ҿȷǹؼת۵㡣ָģƪ꾡ز
۸Ϊָж뱻ΪӦʲôжԭ
򡪡ǲǱǹȥΪġ

ǣ߼Ч÷ģʽȻҲǾԵһ㡣ڿ
ȫòǣгһ֪ʶϵͳЩ֪ʶûκյģ
ֻͨг̬ȥ㻥಻ʶǵ󣬲ȥʹǲ
ֱϢļܣЩֳźСǵִƸͲƷ
ͳͳҪ鹦һơţⲻҵľѧĻҲҵĴ
ιĻʶге˳ȵĵλĻͽ
ĺְܶܵܣΪõϢǺ޵ģгȴ
ø޵ϢʹӸĲβ˾ĺ
۵֮һͬʱҲؿҮ˵ѧȤתľѧ


עF.A.HayekHAYEK ON HAYEK p.48 University of Chicago Press 
1994 Ʋ³˹أ³˹أMarcel Proust 1871-1922
С˵ңΪ߾ġ׷ŵʱ⡷ԡǱʶд

F.A.HayekHAYEK ON HAYEK p.2 University of Chicago Press
1994  F.A.HayekTHE SENSORY ORDERp.16 ͬϣp.143 F.AHayek
HAYEK ON HAYEKp.3University of Chicago Press1994 ͬϣp.134-135
ͬϣp.134תع˼pp.348-349ҵ˾
1984̨꣬F.A.HayekHAYEK ON HAYEK p.89 University of Chicago 
Press 1994 йغҮ˹֮Ĳɲ1J.SalernoLudwig 
von Mises as Social RationalistReview of Austrian Economics.Vol.4
19902 J.Herbener Ludwig von Mises and the Austrian School of 
EconomicsReview of Austrian EconomicsVol. 5 2 19913 H.H.
HoppeF.A.Hayek on Government and Social Evolution. A CritigueReview 
of Austrian EconomicsVol.7 1993Լ4M.N. RothbardThe Present 
State of Austrian EconomicsWorking Paper Auburn Al Ludwig von 
Mises Institute 1992. ƪġ

F.A.HayekHAYEK ON HAYEK University of Chicago Press 1994p.
88F.A.HayekINDIVIDUALISM AND ECONOMIC ORDERp.45 F.A.HayekHAYEK 
ON HAYEKpp.50-51 University of Chicago Press1994 ӺҮ˵Լ
ڱһؿʽĻԸˣָؿ˸ǸԸ񵳣ǵ˹Ҳǡ
˵ֵǣδ߹жԼĴ࿴ǵһ
ʱж˾Ȼô˵֪ҪҳΪԸ񵳣
һж˶ԺҮ˵ĸоǺģԸΪɵ
ƣΪصľƣHayekHAYEK ON HAYEK p.141 
University of Chicago Press1994.  F.A.HayekHAYEK ON HAYEKpp.79-
80 
